Tag Archives: Governance Risk and Compliance

Bridging Identity Governance and Dynamic Access: The Anatomy of a Contextual and Dynamic Access Policy

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As organizations adapt to increasingly complex IT ecosystems, traditional static access policies fail to meet modern security demands. This blog instance continues to explore how identity attributes, and governance controls impact contextual and dynamic access policies—as highlighted previous articles; Governing Identity Attributes in a Contextual and Dynamic Access Control Environment and SailPoint Identity Security The foundation of DoD ICAM and Zero Trust, it examines the role of identity governance controls, such as role-based access (dynamic or policy-based), lifecycle management, and separation of duties, as the foundation for real-time decision-making and compliance. Together, these approaches not only mitigate evolving threats but also align with critical standards like NIST SP 800-207, NIST CSF, and DHS CISA recommendations, enabling secure, adaptive, and scalable access ecosystems. Discover how this integration empowers organizations to achieve zero-trust principles, enhance operational resilience, and maintain regulatory compliance in an era of dynamic threats.

Authors Note: While I referenced the DoD instruction and guidance, the examples in the document can be applied to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, and NIST SP 800-53 controls as well. My next article with speak specifically to the applicability of the DHS CDM MUR and future proposed DEFEND capabilities.


Defining Contextual and Dynamic Access Policies

Contextual and dynamic access policies adapt access decisions based on real-time inputs, including user identity, device security posture, behavioral patterns, and environmental risks. By focusing on current context rather than static attributes, these policies mitigate risks such as over-provisioning or unauthorized access.

Key Features:

  • Contextual Awareness: Evaluates real-time signals such as login frequency, device encryption status, geolocation, and threat intelligence.
  • Dynamic Decision-Making: Enforces least-privilege access dynamically and incorporates risk-based authentication (e.g., triggering MFA only under high-risk scenarios).
  • Identity Governance Integration: Leverages governance structures to align access with roles, responsibilities, and compliance standards.

The Role of Identity Governance Controls

Identity governance forms the backbone of effective contextual and dynamic access policies by providing the structure needed for secure access management. Core components include:

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  • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Dynamic/Policy-based: Defines roles and associated entitlements to reduce excessive or inappropriate access.
  • Access Reviews: Ensures periodic validation of user access rights, aligning with business needs and compliance mandates.
  • Separation of Duties (SoD): Prevents conflicts of interest by limiting excessive control over critical processes.
  • Lifecycle Management: Automates the provisioning and de-provisioning of access rights as roles change.
  • Policy Framework: Establishes clear baselines for determining who can access what resources under specific conditions.

Balancing Runtime Evaluation and Governance Controls

While governance controls establish structured, policy-driven access frameworks, runtime evaluations add the flexibility to adapt to real-time risks. Together, they create a layered security approach:

  • Baseline Governance: Sets foundational access rights using role-based policies and lifecycle management.
  • Dynamic Contextualization: Enhances governance by factoring in real-time conditions to ensure access decisions reflect current risk levels.
  • Feedback Loops: Insights from runtime evaluations inform and refine governance policies over time.

Benefits of Integration

By combining governance controls with contextual access policies, organizations achieve:

  • Enhanced security through continuous evaluation and dynamic risk mitigation.
  • Improved compliance with regulatory frameworks like GDPR, HIPAA, and NIST standards.
  • Operational efficiency by automating access reviews and reducing administrative overhead.

The integration of contextual and dynamic access policies with identity governance controls addresses the dual needs of flexibility and security in modern cybersecurity strategies. By combining structured governance with real-time adaptability, organizations can mitigate risks, ensure compliance, and achieve a proactive security posture that aligns with evolving business needs and regulatory demands. This layered approach represents the future of access management in a rapidly changing digital environment.


To learn more about how SailPoint can support your organization’s efforts within identity governance, cybersecurity and Zero Trust, view our resource, “The Anatomy of a Contextual and Dynamic Access Policy.”


Carahsoft Technology Corp. is The Trusted Government IT Solutions Provider, supporting Public Sector organizations across Federal, State and Local Government agencies and Education and Healthcare markets. As the Master Government Aggregator for our vendor partners, including SailPoint, we deliver solutions for Geospatial, Cybersecurity, MultiCloud, DevSecOps, Artificial Intelligence, Customer Experience and Engagement, Open Source and more. Working with resellers, systems integrators and consultants, our sales and marketing teams provide industry leading IT products, services and training through hundreds of contract vehicles. Explore the Carahsoft Blog to learn more about the latest trends in Government technology markets and solutions, as well as Carahsoft’s ecosystem of partner thought-leaders.

How to Accelerate the Journey to Government Compliance with CCM

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Government agencies are inundated with a vast amount of daily Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) tasks and processes. Achieving regulatory compliance, an arduous process, can take up precious time that could be reallocated to other business-critical missions.

Continuous controls monitoring (CCM) is one solution. CCM leverages AI and extreme automation to help cut down on manual processes, allowing agencies to overcome regulatory hurdles, supercharge their staff, and make better risk-based decisions with fast, cost-effective automations.

Improving the Compliance Process

Creating a quality compliance report comes with heavy, manual processing time. CCM can help significantly by taking away some of the cumbersome brunt work, cutting 60-80% of the manual tasks required by GRC programs.

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It can also help overcome hurdles to reaching valuable security authorizations.  Completing an Authorization to Operate (ATO) package can take roughly six months to finish — but that process can be reduced to two weeks with the right CCM platform.  CCM also gives agencies a leg up with gaining Continuous Authorization to Operate (cATO) by leveraging OSCAL, a machine-readable format that standardizes security control documentation and enables automated validation.

The Time-Saving Capabilities of Machine Learning and AI

In the past year, advances in machine learning (including large language models and generative AI) have created exciting new possibilities for GRC teams. AI and machine learning (ML) can offer everything from better data analysis to proactive risk management to a major reduction in manual processes. Here are a few of the most compelling use cases for AI-enabled GRC:

  • Help employees proactively monitor traffic
  • Review code for errors unlikely to be caught by the human eye
  • Explain complex controls and procedures in everyday language, bridging knowledge gaps
  • Generate accurate, up-to-date documentation in one click

Overall, AI allows agencies to move faster, with more accuracy, and with better visibility. To free up staff to complete mission-critical objectives, agencies should create their own AI/ML usage strategies and implement them within a Compliance as Code framework.

How RegScale’s CCM Leverages Compliance-Trained AI

RegScale’s AI-enabled platform, RegML, combines CCM and leading large language (LLM) tools to streamline compliance management with intelligent automation and precision. This approach improves compliance by significantly reducing manual labor and costs. It also provides user-friendly summaries and guidance and improves accuracy and precision in documentation, freeing up staff to focus on core business objectives. 

RegML has four main AI features:

  • AI Extractor, which automatically derives compliance documentation from existing policies and procedures.
  • AI Explainer, which is designed to demystify control statements by providing users with simple explanations of intricate controls.
  • AI Author, which helps draft control implementation statements in the context of relevant regulations and requirements. This process allows writers to focus on editing a draft, leading to fewer errors and better accuracy.
  • AI Auditor, which identifies gaps in controls and provides suggestions for improvement. This frees up teams to work on more critical tasks like fixing gaps and implementing controls.

CCM and the Future

Today, more and more work is being done in the cloud. As data becomes ephemeral and serverless, cybersecurity has become more important than ever — as have the mandatory frameworks governing it. Meanwhile, regulations such as NIST’s Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF), the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency (CISA) mandates, and the European Union’s AI Act have or are predicted to undergo changes.

These shifting frameworks only make CCM more integral, as its AI features allow users to ensure that they are thoroughly compliant at every step of the process. By freeing time for additional tasks, and by maintaining adherence to changing regulations, CCM enables organizations to improve their GRC programs and streamline their operations.

To learn more about how RegScale’s CCM platform provides a layer of security around AI usage, watch its webinar How AI is Revolutionizing Government Compliance.

Carahsoft Technology Corp. is The Trusted Government IT Solutions Provider, supporting Public Sector organizations across Federal, State and Local Government agencies and Education and Healthcare markets. As the Master Government Aggregator for our vendor partners, including RegScale, we deliver solutions for Geospatial, Cybersecurity, MultiCloud, DevSecOps, Artificial Intelligence, Customer Experience and Engagement, Open Source and more. Working with resellers, systems integrators and consultants, our sales and marketing teams provide industry leading IT products, services and training through hundreds of contract vehicles. Explore the Carahsoft Blog to learn more about the latest trends in Government technology markets and solutions, as well as Carahsoft’s ecosystem of partner thought leaders.

Why OSINT is Crucial to Having a Comprehensive Security Strategy

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The landscape of intelligence gathering has evolved dramatically since the 1990s and early 2000s. Back then, accessing and utilizing information effectively was a major challenge, especially for Government agencies tasked with monitoring threats. Intelligence gathering was often a manual process, with significant gaps in communication and real-time analysis. Today technology has bridged those gaps, and organizations are more equipped than ever to gather and act upon threat intelligence.

At the heart of this evolution is open source intelligence (OSINT). OSINT refers to the collection and analysis of information that is publicly available from a variety of sources, such as websites, social media platforms, blogs, news outlets and more. This data is processed to derive actionable insights for decision making, security operations and threat detection. By leveraging OSINT, organizations can gather, analyze and deliver real-time data to enhance security and operational effectiveness.

Leveraging OSINT

When it comes to cyber operations, effectively leveraging OSINT can provide a significant advantage. Without strong intelligence, it becomes difficult to move from strategic planning to tactical and operational execution. Threats often begin long before a hacker breaches a network, with adversaries gathering intelligence on their targets over time. A holistic approach is critical—whether focusing on offensive or defensive cyber strategies—because gaps in understanding can lead to vulnerabilities and unintended consequences.

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A useful framework for understanding OSINT’s role is the information-to-risk pyramid. At its base, monitoring and telemetry are essential for providing context to potential threats. Many organizations rely on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), a standardized framework for evaluating and ranking the severity of software vulnerabilities, to help prioritize and address the most critical risks first. However, this system alone may not provide a complete picture. Integrating additional intelligence can reveal that vulnerabilities are actively exploited, making them far more dangerous.

Once threats are identified, organizations can bring in key stakeholders to formulate strategic responses. Risk owners, often from the business side, play a critical role alongside IT in decision-making. Government agencies, with their vast networks and resources, face these challenges on an even larger scale. In today’s environment seconds matter, and OSINT plays a pivotal role in crafting strategic plans to mitigate risks in real time.

The Human Factor

While technology plays a crucial role in OSINT, the human factor remains just as important. Analysts are at the heart of making OSINT actionable, reviewing alerts and correlating information. Integrating intelligence through application programming interface (API) calls can enhance this process, allowing organizations to combine telemetry data with open source information (OSIF).

Networks in large organizations are complex, generating thousands of security information and event management (SIEM) alerts daily, leading to alert fatigue. In such environments, timely responses are crucial. Adversaries can breach networks quickly, often within hours, so the ability to act decisively is vital to preventing significant losses. By focusing on critical alerts rather than false alarms, analysts can address the real threats.

Aligning OSINT tools with governance, risk management and compliance (GRC) can help organizations reduce vulnerabilities and enhance their overall security resilience. By understanding risks, organizations can effectively apply technology to secure their assets and ensure uninterrupted operations.

The Cost of Inaction

Turning gathered intelligence into actionable insights is vital, particularly for safeguarding critical infrastructure. As highlighted by FBI Director Christopher Wray, advanced persistent threats (APTs) are increasingly targeting essential sectors like energy, water and transportation. Today’s cybercriminals are no longer just interested in attacking networks to boast about their successes; they are targeting specific organizations.

Beyond direct attacks, adversaries may also infiltrate networks to understand how organizations and systems operate. Networking devices—especially in small office and home (SoHo) environments—are often the weakest links, frequently overlooked despite their vulnerability. While organizations regularly patch servers and monitor critical systems, these networking devices, particularly near sensitive areas like military bases or airports, can be soft targets. Once compromised, attackers can use local IP addresses to stay within the network, gathering information to plan more sophisticated attacks.

Furthermore, the threats extend beyond financial loss. Data privacy and the long-term impact of breaches must also be considered. Publicly traded companies face regulatory scrutiny from agencies like the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC). With new regulations such as Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA) on the horizon in 2025, organizations will be required to report incidents promptly. Failing to protect sensitive data can result in costly fines and reputational damage, long after the breach has been resolved.

The Future of Cybersecurity is Proactive

Cybersecurity is a continuous operation that requires vigilance and adaptability. In an era where adversaries are patient and highly organized, an organization’s ability to identify and respond to threats effectively enables them to be not only reactive but proactive, addressing risks before they become crises. OSINT is no longer optional; it is a strategic necessity for organizations aiming to protect their assets, reputation and future.

To learn more about harnessing OSINT to enhance situational awareness, intelligence gathering and strategic decision making watch Recorded Future’s webinar “The Importance of OSINT in Defense Operations.”

Transforming State and Local Government in Ohio Through Technology

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Innovation and collaboration are imperative to drive growth and transformation in State and Local Governments, as well as the need to invest in education and training to prepare the workforce for the jobs of the future. At the Carahsoft Digital Transformation Roadshow in Columbus, Ohio, Government IT and industry leaders engaged in dynamic discussions around the role of technology in shaping the modernization of the state of Ohio and beyond.

Technology Innovation in State and Local Government

Ohio State and Local agencies have begun to integrate innovative technologies to drive better decision-making while lowering the cost of ownership for IT systems; however, this requires significant investment in infrastructure, training and talent acquisition. Agencies must also ensure cybersecurity and risk management, as the use of new technology can create new vulnerabilities. There is a critical need for education, collaboration and innovation as State and Local agencies reimagine the future workforce which is an ever evolving complex and diverse ecosystem.

When faced with implementing technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT) and other transformational technologies, comprehensive planning is the best way forward for State and Local agencies. By doing the planning upfront, agencies can ensure that they have the right tools to manage vulnerabilities, mitigate risks and drive innovation.

Carahsoft State and Local Ohio Roadshow Blog Embedded Image 2023Utilizing a single platform that connects automation of other tools into that platform helps agencies get real-time data reporting and addresses risk within the organization. By using multiple endpoint management and security tools in a single platform, agencies can streamline their operations, reduce costs and improve their overall security posture.

A local agency in Westerville, Ohio has started using data for applied analytics and customizing citizen experiences using a feedback model. This approach involves analyzing and interpreting data to improve services and provide a more streamlined citizen experience for services like trash collection, public safety and traffic management. By using data to drive decision-making and improve services, agencies can become more efficient, effective and responsive to the needs of citizens.

Building a Resilient Government

Modernizing systems, which is the top priority for building a resilient Government, will improve citizen services, generate cost savings, increase security and provide a more holistic, human-centered Government experience. Many State and Local agencies have outdated systems and need to modernize their infrastructure and business processes to make commerce more accessible and efficient. This involves evaluating areas for improvement, such as replacing fax machines with modernized digital tools and platforms and consolidating multiple systems into a few with all the key functionality they need.

The Ohio Department of Aging (DoA) implemented a tenant of rapid response in which automated systems provide emergency staffing within 24 hours for long-term care facilities and nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and continue to this day. The DoA has also worked on predictive modeling utilizing the Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) organizational strategy to identify potential issues and respond proactively. Additionally, it has focused on meeting citizens’ needs through an omnichannel approach, using interoperable data analytics and predictive modeling to provide a more personalized and efficient experience.

Combating Cyber Threats in Government

Public Sector organizations face a range of cybersecurity risks, including data exploitation, insider threats, third party vulnerabilities, ransomware, identity theft and fraudulent access to State Government services. To mitigate these risks, agencies can take steps such as implementing strong access controls, regularly updating software and systems, conducting employee training on cybersecurity best practices and partnering with other organizations to share threat intelligence and collaborate on incident response.

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) offers several services to assist Government agencies with cybersecurity, including assessments and external dependency mapping. These services are provided at no cost to agencies, as they are already paid for by federal taxpayers. The services include:

  • Cybersecurity assessments: conduct cybersecurity assessments, which can help identify vulnerabilities and areas for improvement.
  • Ransomware readiness assessments: prepare for and respond to ransomware attacks, which are a growing threat to State and Local Governments.
  • External dependency mapping: identify and assess third-party vendors and other external dependencies, which can be a source of cybersecurity risk.
  • Threat intelligence sharing: provide agencies with information on emerging threats and best practices for defending against cyber-attacks.
  • Incident response planning: develop and test incident response plans, which can help ensure a coordinated and effective response in the event of a cyber-attack.

As cybersecurity threats become more sophisticated, it is increasingly critical for individual employees to be aware of the risks and take steps to protect their agency. Following best practices for password management, avoiding suspicious emails and links and reporting any potential security incidents to IT or security personnel is imperative. Agencies should provide regular training and offer resources such as phishing simulations to help employees become more vigilant.

Agencies must continue to leverage technology, utilize resources like CISA, stay up to date on the latest best practices and remain committed to meeting citizens’ needs. By embracing technology innovation, State and Local agencies can create a brighter future for all.

 

Explore more resources and learn more about Carahsoft’s State and Local Roadshow Series: Digital Transformation by visiting our Roadshow portfolio.

*The information contained in this blog has been written based off the thought-leadership discussions presented by speakers at Carahsoft’s Digital Transformation Roadshow.*